As The Guardian explained, an mRNA Covid vaccine works “by ferrying the genetic instructions for essentially harmless spike proteins on the Covid virus into the body”.Şahin and Türeci hope that a vaccine targeting cancer will work through a similar process, although in this case, the vaccine would contribute to the creation of “cancer antigens which distinguish cancer cells from normal cells”, explained Türeci.Speaking to Kuenssberg, Türeci said that the pandemic had given the company an opportunity to learn how to manufacture mRNA vaccines faster, as well as providing a better understanding of how patients’ immune systems responded to mRNA.So that’s what I would say is a realistic expectation.”BioNTech’s mRNA cancer trials have shown “early encouraging signals” but it could be “several years” before we know whether the promised mRNA vaccine treatments “live up to the hype”, said the BBC.“Every step, every patient we treat in our cancer trials helps us to find out more about what we are against and how to address that,” Türeci told Kuenssberg."